Scene illustrates perfectly Essay Example For Students

Scene illustrates perfectly Essay Mr. Sugden is a physical education teacher at the secondary modern school. Sugden is a bully and again Barry Hines has highlighted the teachers personality with his name, this time employing rhyme as his assistant, as Sugden is a thug. Billy dislikes physical education and does not have the proper kit, since his mother either doesnt want to buy him one or cannot buy him one (the latter seems more believable as Mrs. Casper squanders most of her money on luxuries for herself such as cigarettes and alcohol). Instead of discreetly giving Billy a kit to wear, Sugden chooses to mock him in front of his classmates. Sugdens verbal bullying brings out the negative aspects of Billys personality as the way in which Billy is treated provokes him to answer back and be cheeky. Not only does Sugden have an inferior attitude towards his pupils as well as verbally bullying his pupils but as a big man he does not hesitate to physically abuse them too. He hit Billy twice with the ball, holding it between both hands as though he was murdering him with a boulder. Mr. Sugden bounced the ball on Billys head compressing his neck into his shoulders. His attitude is immature and shows no sportsmanship or fairness, two lessons which should always be reinforced in physical education lessons. His role as adjudicator is one that he does not deserve as he is too juvenile to cooperate fairly. Mr. Sugdens appearance is neat and tidy though; during the football scene Sugden is dressed in a violet tracksuit. To be able to analyse and understand Sugden, we need to see him at his absolute worst, which the football scene illustrates perfectly. Sugden believes he has authority in the changing rooms and also on the football pitch and therefore is very aggressive throughout the football scene Slack work lad, slack work. Sugdens frustration is pushed to the limit when a dog appears on the pitch. If Mr. Sugden had a gun, Mr. Wolf would have been dead in no time. At this time, Billy once again proves that his connections to animals and nature in general are very strong. The teacher thinks he is the only important person in the lesson and Hines has successfully created this image by using the bracket technique; Hines incorporates brackets to the different roles Sugden plays to inform the reader what part he is playing at a particular moment in the match Sugden (commentator) and also to demonstrate the importance and amount of control Sugden has on the game. His negative attitude has a clear affect on the boys, who leave the lesson cold and uninspired. Mr. Sugden uses formal English although occasionally he may slip up and use local dialect. Barry Hines uses Standard and Non-Standard English in his novel. A Kestrel For A Knaves main characters are from Yorkshire and have very recognisable accents. If Hines were to use Standard English throughout the book, we would not see a complete picture of the characters. Billy uses his local dialect all the time as he simply has not been taught Standard English since everyone around Billy, his friends, family and neighbours use the local dialect so Billy has never experienced Standard English enough to pick it up. The title Hard Times makes it seem believable that Dickens is writing honestly about a time that has harsh methods of education. Charles Dickens possibly attended a school like the one in Hard Times so he may aim to make the problems obvious to people who otherwise could fail to notice societys difficulties. Barry Hines also writes truthfully regarding the education system in his era and I think he also aims to highlight the errors of the organization that controls what schools teach their pupils. However Barry Hines writes more realistically as the book is more recent and therefore easier to relate to. Both authors present systems, which now seem very wrong but at the time they were thought of as acceptable. Both books probably contain memories of the authors school days and particularly in A Kestrel for a Knave the scenes seem very believable. Neither system would be justifiable now but in their time the schools teaching methods seemed fair and acceptable to those involved. Using 'A birthday' and 'Rememeber', show how the theme of love effects ones emotions Essaybut I am sure that you know that the whole social system is a question of self interestI was brought up in that catechism when I was very young, Sir, as you are aware.  This proves that he is completely self-concerned, and all sign of feeling and compassion has ebbed due to the Gradgrinds education system which does have an element of irony in it as it is Gradgrind who is begging him to break his own rules. Mr. Gradgrind then offers him a princely sum to try and make him change his mind, and Bitzer even goes as far as to make complicated calculations to see which will make him the most money in the end, therefore declining Gradgrinds offer. He declares that  I was made in the cheapest market, and have to dispose of myself of in the dearest. The fact that Bitzer does not have any grasp of loyalty, compassion, pity, or charity means that Tom is condemned.  The ending of Kes seems slightly abrupt, considering that most mention of Billy with Kes in the book was drawn out with extended language. This is probably to show how Kes has been ripped from Billys life so cruelly, which is reflected in the short, emotionless language used to describe the burial. The ending is left rather ambiguously; we are not sure what path Billys life will take. But by this Hines may have been implying that due to Kes, there is a different path he can take now, Billy has the choice to make something of his life. The childrens lives are followed in the two books, and are portrayed as victims of their individual systems. The consequences of this are shown both to be negative; in A Kestrel for a Knave young Billy Caspers life is an awful one, and in Hard Times when they reach adulthood they are unable to function properly as adults. Therefore, both systems can be seen as failures. Gradgrinds system appears to dehumanise the pupils and individualism is not encouraged. A pupil who is seen to be a success of Gradgrinds school would have been brainwashed, completely empty of personality but full of information in the form of facts that do not properly prepare the children for the life that they are to lead. I believe that Mr. Gryces method is the system that has prepared the children best for the life they are to lead, as they are more able to cope with the problems that they will encounter. As seen in Hard Times, Gradgrinds class simply cant cope with emotional pressures and so collapse under the strain as Tom did when he chose to steal from his father. Billy, Sissy and most children from his background began life through no fault of their own with a huge handicap. The children have little chance of improving their situation and are therefore all destined to lead relatively uncomfortable lives. Barry Hines and Charles Dickens attempt to expose this social deprivation at many stages in their books. From this we learn that Hines and Dickens have a strong bias towards Billy, Sissy and all similar children in general. Perhaps each author wishes to blame the childrens futile existence on the wealthier citizens the Upper Class. Whether or not the authors intended to, both Hard Times and A Kestrel For A Knave gave credence to what the adolescence of England was being taught at that time.

Prisoners with Special Needs

Introduction Prison life is difficult especially for prisoners with special needs. Groups of prisoners with special needs include drugs and substance abusers, the mentally ill, and the handicapped (Easton 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prisoners with Special Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Prisons have become default hospitals for prisoners with special needs. Therefore, federal and state prisons are forced to adjust their programs and develop special facilities in order to address the needs of prisoners with special needs. For example, mentally ill prisoners require specially built facilities while handicapped prisoners need special social amenities that are easy to use (Easton 2011). Prisons spend a lot of money to develop facilities and programs for these prisoners. Special care is provided because failure to do so might lead to deterioration of their conditions, which would compromise order and safety in prisons. Prisoners with special needs affect operations of jail and prison system at all levels significantly. First, prisons at state and federal levels experience serious financial constraints in their efforts to determine and take care of prisoners with special needs (Easton 2011). Secondly, these prisoners require special units and facilities. In most prisons, prisoners with special needs are discriminated and segregated by other prisoners. Therefore, they are housed in different facilities that separate them from other prisoners. In addition, their facilities are specially built to address their problems. For example, at the Albany County jail, a facility for mentally ill prisoners was constructed at a cost of $11 million (Easton 2011). Several programs are developed to help drug abusers cope with their problem. These programs include therapy and individual and group counseling programs. Such programs are expensive and consume a lot of money that can be used to fund development projects undertaken by prisons. Thirdly, taking care of such prisoners is very demanding in terms of the amount and quality of care they need. â€Å"Mentally ill prisoners require constant supervision. This forces corrections officers to keep watch over them during the day and throughout the night† (Samaha 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is very demanding and tiresome and forces state and federal levels to employ many officers to take care of prisoners. Health conditions of prisoners with special needs deteriorate if they are not cared for properly. If their conditions exacerbate, they become a bigger problem because they compromise safety and order in the prison (Samaha 2005). Medical treatment avoids deterioration of the mental conditions of mentally ill prisoners. â€Å"If prisoners with psychiatric disorders are not cared for properly, they gradu ally develop certain functional disabilities that make them a burden to the prison management and the community† (Easton 2011). Therefore, caring for prisoners with special needs is beneficial to prisons, prisoners themselves, and the community. On the other hand, deterioration of the conditions of these prisoners poses a danger to other prisoners and the community. Some prisoners even try to commit suicide when their mental and physical conditions deteriorate. The Maryland Community Criminal Justice Treatment Program (MCCJTP) is a program that offers treatment services to mentally ill prisoners who are jailed and who are on parole or probation (Easton 2011). Characteristics of the program include training of professionals who offer treatment services to prisoners, counseling and crisis intervention services, and identification and treatment of mentally ill prisoners. In addition, the program ensures that mentally ill prisoners are jailed in special units that address their pr oblems and that help to reduce disruption in jails. The program ensures that all inmates are evaluated before imprisonment to ascertain their mental conditions. This is in an effort to ensure that there is no disruption in prisons. The program also ensures that mentally ill prisoners are treated with respect despite their mental conditions. In many prisons, mentally ill prisoners are ill treated by corrections officers. The program ensures that instances of ill treatment do not occur. The program has improved the mental condition of prisoners in all prisons in Maryland since the inception of the program. Prisoners receive medical treatment and are treated with respect by corrections officers (Samaha 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prisoners with Special Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are able to fit into the community when they are released after serving their sentences. In addition, the prog ram helps these prisoners to secure housing facilities after their release from prison (Easton 2011). The program has helped to reduce discrimination and ill treatment of mentally ill prisoners. Although the program has certain limitations, it has made significant developments in efforts to improve the welfare of mentally ill prisoners. Conclusion Groups of prisoners with special needs require special care in order to address their needs satisfactorily. These groups include the mentally ill, the handicapped, and drugs and substance abusers. Federal and state prisons are forced to develop special programs and facilities in order to accommodate the needs of prisoners with special needs. The main effect of prisoners with special needs on prisons in financial constraints. A lot of money is required to take care of prisoners with special needs. However, most state and federal levels cannot afford the money. This leads to provision of low quality care to prisoners especially the mentally ill. Programs such as MCCJTP have helped to improve the welfare of prisoners with special needs by ensuring that they are treated respectfully despite their conditions. References Easton, S. (2011). Prisoner’s Rights. New York: Taylor Francis. Samaha, J. (2005). Criminal Justice. New York: Cengage Learning. This essay on Prisoners with Special Needs was written and submitted by user Bella M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

PITCH-RESO Essays - Language, Learning To Read, Lexicography

PITCH-RESO Essays - Language, Learning To Read, Lexicography The lack of consistency among the junior high students that affect their English proficiency skills Members Minioza, Carpo, Ronquillo, Agustin, Espejo, Viagedor Ronquillo: (Will facilitate the short activity and explain each after the students have given their own explanation about the pictures)Espejo:Introduction: Learning English aims at helping students use the language effectively for real life purposes. Students need to use English to become functional in professional, academic and social settings. In the Philippines, English proficiency is found out to be declining. A recent language test result showed that the Philippines is no longer the top one English-speaking country in Asia. Sam: (Read and Explain the slide about The Importance of English Language )Minioza:Why do some students students lack the consistency in speaking in english?An illusion to think that students like us will learn to speak and pronounce words with a decent accent by simply reading or listening to a teacher, or a classmate.Speaking is the most difficult of the four skills. Reading, Listening, and writing can be learned with a teacher or on one's own. It requires immediate comprehension and real time reaction. Students have to produce language instantaenously with the correct vocabulary, right use of tense and sentence structure. Even if we ask students to read texts or search for information in the internet, they will only learn to read and pick up passive vocabulary which we all know will not help to improve our English Speaking Skills.Programs and projects conducted by schools are not enough to promote the development of English language proficiency among Filipino students. As we can all see, even if we have this "English Campaign" implemented in our school, but do students really follow this program? Instead, they would most likely to speak in English, whenever they feel like to, they would also feel unmotivated because of their Non-english speaking environment. With this causes, It would definitely result to the lack of consistency among all of us. Carpo:Facundo stated that, In the Philippine, People are familiar with the frequent judgm ents made on that classmate who speaks better English than most.Adults say that looking up to them is the colonial mentality. More deprecating comments dismiss them as "nosebleed" - because exerting effort to speak English the way they do or simply understanding what they say demands too much effort.Sta. Ana (2013) pointed out 7 reasons why people can't deny the fact that most Filipinos can't speak in English better. Filipinos get engaged to their mother tongue which is the Filipino language. Next one is that Filipinos find it hard to adjust to the pronunciation of English words, each words and letters have different pronunciations. However in the English language, it is pronounced differently with various sounds. If a person spoke the language, they might get mocked by the others simply because of its incorrect pronunciation.Viagedor, Agustin:ResolutionThere are various ways that we could to avoid lack of consistency and to pursue the improvement of the students English language pr oficiency, The group have suggested few programs for the students.Picture Describing Activity It is similar to the activity that we have done a while ago.English Teachers must allot 5 mins of their time to involve each student in speaking activity.Picture Describing is to give students set of different pictures and having them describe what it is in the picture.This may be done individually or by group. Students discuss the picture with their groups, then a spokesperson from each group describes the picture to the whole class.This activity fosters creativity and imagination of the learners as well as their public speaking skills.Goal of this program is to provide maximum opportunity to students to speak the target language by providing a rich environment that contains collaborative work, authentic materials, and shared knowledgeStory Completion This is a very enjoyable, whole-class, free-speaking for which students sit in a circle. For this activity, a teacher starts to tell a story , but after a few sentences, he or she will stop narrating.Then, each student starts to narrate from the point where the previous one stopped. Each Students should add from 4-10 sentences. They can add new characters, events, descriptions and so on.The goal of this program is to reduce teacher speaking time in class while increasing students' speaking time.Reference:https://www.quora.com/What-makes-Filipinos-speak-English-well

Understanding the Chesapeake Colonists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding the Chesapeake Colonists - Essay Example It is to be understood that during the early settlements of the Europeans in Chesapeake, native settlers posed some danger to them because of the threat they felt from the invaders. In addition, their new environment exposed them to diseases that were deadly. With the few numbers of the early colonists, they were vulnerable to defeat from the attacks of the Indians, coupled with the weakening of the team through death brought about by sickness. Misunderstandings occurred among them which aggravated their situation, causing them not to be united for their purpose. Having a closer look at the aforementioned circumstances of the voyagers, one could not simply say they were ignorant. They came from one of the most civilized nations during that time, able to send expeditions in search of more lands to own and had the benefits of the latest scientific findings. To the educated, they could not be said to be ignorant rather are well informed and with such knowledge are therefore driven by ambition to explore a world unknown to most of them. Competing with the strong Spanish reign during that time who were already settled in America could be considered quite ambitious especially so that England was just recovering from her own turmoil at home. The early colonists to the region understandably had issues to settle among themselves, however, their inability to do so in a civilized manner could let a viewer think that they are ignorant and as savage as the native settlers. Their attitude toward each other and their circumstances may not seem to be strongly driven by their ambition as they first thought about the expedition. For a plan of colonizing a place, extended efforts should have been done in preparation for the unknown that they might encounter in the seas and upon arrival to their intended colony.  

Campaign Analysis of Dre beats Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Campaign Analysis of Dre beats - Essay Example The media has also influenced the rights of many. The paper will present the history of feminism and post-feminism and to what extent different media have driven it. The success of Women feminism can thus be linked to the positive contribution of the media. Women before the 19th century suffered rampant abuse and shame that was propagated by culture and government. Women had little access to maternal health care. Women died during childbirth because of lack of proper mechanisms facilitate reproductive health rights. The women also had to deal with insecurity perpetuated by society that was characterized by wars and violence (Richardson & Wearing 2014). Women were raped and had to have male guardians to protect them from the risks in the society. Women’s participation in politics and society was limited and attracted critism. Men were raised to believe that the world rotates around them, and the women who tried to speak up for their rights were victimized and brutalized, physically and emotionally (Walsh 1917). The education of women was not a priority as girls were raised to become good housewives. Women were never allowed to make decisions in the family. The rise of feminist movements can be linked to the abolishment of slavery that set the tone for the respect human rights. The first two decades of the 20th century is significant as the right of women to vote was enshrined in the law. The voting of women in elections thus ensured that women were able to elect political leaders that addressed their issues. Once feminist movements got the right to vote, they shifted their attention to issues of education and maternal healthcare. The 1970s and 1960s saw the rise of feminism as a result of the revolutionary spirit that was vibrant at that time. The movements saw the adoption of equal pay act of 1963 and civil rights act of 1964. The women feminist movements hoped that the laws would address the discriminatory and sexist

Hrm roles in change management issues

Hrm roles in change management issues Identify, Evaluate And Discuss Human Resource Management Roles In Change Management Issues. Executive Summary Change management is the process, tools and techniques to manage the people-side of change to achieve the required business outcome. Successful change addresses both the technical and the people side. Change management focus is helping individual employee make their own personal transition. The organizational viewpoint is â€Å"The Change† to how we do business; whereas the individual viewpoint is â€Å"The Change† from how one does his or her job today, to how one will do his or her job after the change is implemented. Today, the world of human resource management is changing more rapidly than ever changing. Human resource roles in many multinational organizations are facing constant challenges as a result, of constant environmental changes. The emphasis of human resource management is adding value as organizational player, the role of the human resource department becoming more multi-dimensional in many multinational organizations. This paper context will identify and evaluate why human resource management today is taking advantage of gradual yet profound changes in the nature of the field in the current human resource management best practices, and overall human resource management policies, mission and vision. Human Resource Management functions or roles are performed in many organizations by different functional heads independently. The most important challenge in recession period is revolutionizing of the human resource systems to identify, maintain, develop and utilize talents across the organization to their fullest capacities. An organization may claim that it has the best of the systems to identify talents across the organization. Human resource has now a chance again to prove their value creation role in the corporate if it understands what it needs to do now. Some of the basic strategies should be followed by the corporate managers i.e. reduce administrative and establishment costs, hold large bonuses and reward payments, create participative forums for dealing with the difficult times ahead, retaining top talents should be emphasized by the human resource managers to the management and human resource managers need to network with fellow managers to find out how best to visualize the problems and try to solve them. There are basically four distinct human resource roles classified (Kossek and Block, 2000, Pg 3.18) in the human resource activities into four distinct roles: Transactions, Translations, Transitions and Transformations. Generally, the transaction and translation roles are more focused on people and have a short-term view, whereas the transition and transformation roles are more oriented towards improvement or transformation of new processes; where organizational processes are realigned to support ‘customer and market demands, and having a future orientation. In short, the transaction roles include human resource activities such as hiring and firing people, protecting employees welfare, ensuring on-time pay as well as handling employee grievances. The human resource role is building an efficient infrastructure by acting as an â€Å"administrative expert† (Kossek Block p.3.19); however, the translation role of human resource is the communication responsibilities associate d with the listening and responding to employees and customer concerns, as well as explaining to and implementing the policies established by top management to the employees. Today. the human resource role also act as an employee champion and advocate by ensuring that their views and rights are being expressed; such as communicating to employees the human resource policy relating to matters like career opportunities, laws and legislations, business operating objectives and customer needs. Moreover, the transition role simply refers to the execution of human resource activities, policies and best practices making all necessary on-going changes to support or improve the companys business operational and strategic objectives. Typically, such role is focused on the implementation of new or revised human resource practices and long term procedural changes in the human resource policies and best practices. Lastly; the transformation role of the human resource roles acts as an agent and realigns the human resource systems to support Introduction In todays arena the most common word we come across are recession and downturn. Therefore, organizations must make plan for recession or downturns as it does to plan for good, economic times. The management people and employees may experience anxiety around issues during an economic crisis or downturn. This assignment context identifies the possible challenges of human resource management roles in the global recession situation. Beginning with the definition of human resource management and its roles in an organization through analyzing how the human resource activities is adding value and contribute to the organizations overall effectiveness. Basically, change is complex and there is no single solution. Having an effective leadership is a key enabler as it provides the vision and the rationale for change in the organization. Launching a change initiative is not likely to succeed if the organization is not change-ready. During a downturn, human resource role acts as an employee champion and advocate by ensuring that their views and rights are being expressed; such as communicating to employees the human resource policy relating to matters like career opportunities, laws and legislations, business operating objectives and customer needs. Moreover, the transition role simply refers to the execution of human resource activities, policies and best practices making all necessary on-going changes to support or improve the companys business operational and strategic objectives. Typically, this role is focused on the implementation of new or revised human resource practices and long term procedural changes in the human resource policies and best practices. Lastly; the transformation role of the human resource roles acts as an agent and realigns the human resource systems to support massive organizational change. Other than, those above roles stated could also be categorized into administrative experts, empl oyee champions, change agent and strategic approach respectively. It also represents a sweeping attempt to overcome the negative counter images of the personnel function and re-invent a new set of proactive roles for HR professionals (Ulrich, 1998 p.124) Elements Of Change Management Fundamentals Organizational change often presents human resource with a significant opportunity to engage in activities that impact business outcomes, as the Corporate Leadership Council teaching module provides an overview of the fundamentals of change management and the role of human resource. Such teaching module supports business organizations with the following change management fundamentals: diagnosing change-driven business problems; identifying the skills necessary to manage change; selecting the right change strategy; and overcoming barriers to change. Corporate Cultural Change Changing a corporate culture is an ongoing process, which takes time and requires constant monitoring. It is about transforming the organization through continuous influence and the shaping of beliefs, assumptions, values, and patterns of behavior of people towards creating a desired work environment. This Corporate Leadership Council research focuses on the challenges and solutions faced by organizations attempting to change the corporate culture. Major factors in this process in include leadership, timing, and behavior management. Once a corporate culture is in place, there are practices within the organization that act to maintain it by giving employees a set of similar experiences. For example, many of the human resource practices reinforce the organizations culture; such as the selection process, performance evaluation criteria, reward practices, training and career development activities, and promotion procedures ensure that those hired fit in with the culture, reward those who support it, and penalize those who challenge it. Three forces play a particularly important part in sustaining a culture, selection practices, the actions of top management, and socialization methods. Alternatives Of Downsizing For organizations to avoid possible downsizing issues, they can take the following steps as alternatives: Part Time Job – Reduce or cut the number of job hours and pay employee on hourly basis to engage employee with the company, and during his free time he can do any other work for earnings. Work at Home Give access to the employees to work at home rather then coming at office. This step will reduce the operational cost of the organization. Shift of Department One business unit of the organization is not doing well, organization can shift the employees to other business unit. Outsource Employees Organization can provide outsourcing services is specialized domain so their employees can work on other company projects. During these uncertain times, corporate will realize the importance of having competent skilled workforce which will ensure that focus stays on trainings but there may be a major reduction in training budgets. In this time any decision taken by the company impacts each individual personally rumors float around. Its top managements duty as human resource to ensure that the communication channels are kept open, transparency is maintained. We also need to ensure that accurate communication happens on time in full, instead of employees hearing things with details from the grapevine first. Adequate support from leaders and managers in terms of people management processes to find ways to keep up the motivation levels of employees. If the corporate plans are to retrench a portion of the workforce, counseling should be provided to those both employees who will be staying back but also the employees who have been asked to leave, be fair with them. Resistance To Change Resistance to change can be defined as an individual or group engaging in acts to block or disrupt an attempt to introduce change. Resistance itself can take many different forms from subtle undermining of change initiatives or withholding of information to active resistance, for instance through strikes. Similarly, there are two broad types of resistance: Resistance to the content of change; for example, a specific change in technology or introduction of a particular reward system in an organization. Resistance to the process of change. It concerns the way a change is introduced rather than the object of change per se; for example, management re-structure jobs without prior consultation of affected employees. The Strategic Roles Of Human Resource In Organizational Transformation Human resource can and should play a key strategic role in developing and implementing organizational transition and transformation strategies. It can provide help and guidance in analysis and diagnosis, highlighting the people issues that will fundamentally affect the success of the strategy. Human resource can advise on resourcing programmes and planning and implementing the vital learning, reward, communications and involvement aspects of the process. It can anticipate people problems and deal with them before they become serious. If the programme does involve restructuring and downsizing, human resource can advise on how this should be done humanely and with the minimum disruption to peoples live. When the corporate is in turbulence zone, human resource can put its categorical best in ensuring that he guides the corporate successfully. Human resource needs to be very powerful in such situations because they not only have to maintain the people motivation level but has to increase it using non-monetary tools. There are certain points that human resource can opt for in such a situation where people are insecure about their job. Human resource can pay attention to develop the people on key skills and enhance competencies. Human resource has to play an active role in refrain the top talents, act as a caring mother while top performers punished with being rewarded for their performances, get people aligned and developed to fight with this critical situation, develop people on cross functional skills to balance the surplus and shortage of workforce, help the corporate to raise the people performance bar, ensure the fair evaluation of people performance, play an active role in control of communication flow, pass the onus of making the corporate lean, review its minor low cost benefits and contribute to enhance the value addition per employee by maximizing employees inputs. What Can Human Resource Do During A Downsizing? Human resource needs to be proactive and come up with early interventions as for any organization to survive during recession; the ability to retain its best people is must. During these days, human resource people sometimes even take the harsh decision of reducing the numbers and land up at downsizing. The word downsizing is even taken as rightsizing and optimizing but we may not know or ignore the fact that neither the bad situation nor the good conditions lasts long. The organization needs to invest in learning and development by providing appropriate learning opportunities and facilities, but the prime responsibility for learning and development rests with individuals, who will be given the guidance and support of their managers and, as necessary members of the human resource department. Develop and share the vision, belief in a desired and emerging future. Provide employees with a supportive learning environment where learning capabilities can be discovered and applied, for example, peer networks, supportive policies and systems, protected time for learning. When the going is tough, human resource and managers to challenge the challenges and the remedy is to downsizing the dignified way. Moreover, this is the time to implement new ideas; change the Human Resource Management processes and change the procedures. All this has to be done in a way that it cuts costs and motivates people. Human Resources Perspective And Sustaining Role The present challenges of human resource management are corporate reorganization, sustaining companys position and growth, changing demographic workforce, knowledgeable and multi skill workforce, changing mindset of workforce, new industrial relation approach and society based corporate responsibility. There are many more possibilities of sustaining human resources increasing role as not only growth catalyst but sustaining business through greater employee engagement. Therefore, human resource professionals needs to tighten their belts and get ready for some challenging yet meaningful activities which will help to change the perception of human resource forever. The economic crisis is forcing to separate some employee and there is no way around. Do it, but avoid creating a panic around, in employees, in investors, in market and in country by crying loud about the recession. Human resources task is also great, if the human resource manager creates conducive environment through his or her professional approach in achieving productivity, with the support of all teams which is the need of the hour. Business has experienced different dynamics that pose many challenges. Human resource and enforcement authorities together strive for achieving the common goals like compliance and adherence. Human resource makes all efforts to create and sustain an employer and employee friendly atmosphere and responding to the current needs and challenges. Human Resources Responsibility In todays economic melt down where job cuts, loss, pay reduction, last come first go, insecurity of employment atmosphere prevail, human resource has special responsibility to create ease environment to the affected by counseling, displaying care and concern, preparing them for multi skill task, engaging and deploying in other required areas of functions like security, crisis management team. Human resource should engage in more positive side, making and helping employees to reform, perform and transform which will ultimately make a solid impact on business. Conclusion Human Resource Management must be able to address the right kind of demands related to Human Resource functions or roles during the recession. Human Resource Management must play a highly proactive role in managing the issues of global recession by helping organization to enhance their abilities to learn and collaborates, manage diversity, ambiguity and complexity. Human Resource Management is responsible to manage the human resource of the corporate to maximize the productivity, efficiency at minimal cost and maximize profit. During this global recession, Human Resource Management is facing the many challenges and changes in organizational level, workplace and human resource department level itself. The challenges faced by Human Resource Managers effectively if proper strategies are implemented. The recession is the temporary economic climate of the business world. It will be changed through more productivity at minimal cost and maximize profit at moderate price of products in busin ess. Reference Dive, Brain; The Healthy Organization : A revolutionary approach to people and management; Kogan Page Armstrong, Michael; Strategic Human Resource Management 3rd Edition : p.98-136 Emerging issues in Human Resource Management: Pramod Vernia publishes and IBH publish (p) Ltd., Khanka, S.S.;: Human Resource Management Khanka Indian Journal of Industrial Relation Vol.35 No.1 July 1999 Human Resource Development News letter July 2006, Vol.22 issue The ICFAI journal of organizational behavior October 2006 Management trends Vol.2.No.2.April2005- Sept. 2005. Role of HR during recession, HRD News Letter Jan09 Vol.24.iss.10 p.22 HR has to Challenge the Challenges, HRDNews Letter Jan09Vol.24.iss.10 p.22

Difficulties of Obtaining a Divorce in Victorian England Essays

Bound in Union: The Difficulties of Obtaining a Divorce in Victorian England Divorce Legislation of the Victorian * 1839: Child Custody Act- Women, if proven innocent of adultery, could obtain custody of their children under seven. (Previously custody had been, without exception, awarded to the father.) * 1857: Matrimonial Causes Act- established regulations for secular divorce, making civil divorce, rather than divorce by act of Parliament, possible. Also outlined grounds for divorce, which differed for men and women, and secured property rights for divorced women. * 1870: Married Women’s Property Act- Allowed women to keep their earnings and inheritance along with small sums of money, though all other property fell to the husband. * 1873: Custody Acts- Women could gain custody of children up to 16 years of age even when adulteresses * 1882: Married Women’s Property Act-Women could keep all property, real and personal acquired before and after marriage. * 1884: Matrimonial Causes Act- Allowed wives of adulterers to immediately petition for a divorce rather than waiting the formerly required two years * 1886: Custody reforms granted mothers automatic custody of children after the death of the father. (Legal Milestones for Women 1832-1928) Divorce rates during the Victorian Period remained significantly lower than those of the present. Only one in ten women divorced once married due to several contributing circumstances (â€Å"Life for Women†). The law, religious doctrine, societal stigma, and the limited financial opportunities available to women all functioned as deterrents to divorce. Yet despite the encumbrances and inequity inherent in Victorian divorce, legislation made significant stride... ...orce in Australia. The beginning of his paper focuses on how Victorian England’s laws affected Australia, and the paper remains throughout intriguing and informative. Works Cited "Life for Women." Victoria's Past. 3 January 2005. 16 Mar. 2005 . Finlay, Henry. "Divorce and the Status of Women." 16 Mar. 2005 . "Legal Milestones for Women 1832-1928." 16 Mar. 2005 . Feinberg, Patricia. "The Divorce Bill." March 2001. Victorians Uncovered. 16 Mar. 2005 . Ziembra, Melissa. "Marriage and Divorce in Victorian England." 16 Mar. 2005 .